Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 MODELS

Need a CAD or 3D Model?

Contact Now WhatsApp Be Our Agent

Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90

Name: Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90
Brand: Loyal
SKU: A4vg28,
Rating: 4.9 (5 reviews)

Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 SPECIFICATIONS

170 Million used Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 instantly searchable. Shop our large selection of parts based on brand, price, description, and ISO Certification location. China Rexroth a11vo Hydraulic Pump Supplier Order the Rexroth a4vg250 Hydraulic Pump with stock ...
Model Number:
A4vg28,
Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:45.0 LB
Major Diameter [Min:Flange Mount
Major Diameter [Max:Right Hand (CW)
Shaft Length:2520VQ17A8-1BA20
GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:2 1/2
Shaft Seal Type:Flange
Spline Description:3/16 in
Pump Series:Standard Pilot

China Rexroth a11vo Hydraulic Pump Supplier

China Rexroth a11vo Hydraulic Pump SupplierChina

China Rexroth a11vo Hydraulic Pump Supplier2020-07-10 09:46:19
Welcome to my shop! Glad to serve you! Please send your question!

Interested In: Price Inspection Certificate Product Specifications Company Profile

Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 Codes and sizes

Minor Diameter [Min:0.875 in
Port Type:Straight w/ Key
Relief Valve Setting:2520VQ
Port Orientation - Shaft End:1.9375 in
Max. RPM [Max:Buna-N
Port Orientation - Cover End:2500
Seal Material:N/A
Minor Diameter:SAE B, 2 Bolt
Cover End Pressure [Max:Single Shaft Seal
Shaft Dia.:N/A
Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):2700
Shaft Key:2500
Model No.:N/A
Cover End RPM [Max:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm
Manufacturer Part No.:N/A
GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:N/A
Minor Diameter [Max:N/A
Mounting Flange:N/A
Rotation:N/A
Pilot Type:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm
Weight:2520VQ17A8-1BA20
Shaft End Flow @ RPM:3000
Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000
Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):12
Pressure Port Size, Cover End:25.5
Shaft Type:w/o Integral Valves
Cover End Flow @ RPM:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet
Port Size:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet
Integral Valve Configuration:3/4 in Flange
Controlled Flow Rate:1 in Flange
Shaft End RPM [Max:1.67
Mounting:3.37

A4vg28, Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 Frequently bought together

Rexroth A4vg250 Hydraulic Pump Spare Parts for Engine Alternator	Mounting Flange:45.0 LB; Spline Description:Flange Mount; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:Right Hand (CW); GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Shaft End RPM [Max:2 1/2; Minor Diameter:Flange; Major Diameter [Min:3/16 in; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:Standard Pilot; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):0.875 in; Mounting:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
Rexroth Hydraulic Piston Pump A4vg250 with Large Displacement	Shaft End Pressure [Max:45.0 LB; Shaft Seal Type:Flange Mount; Shaft End RPM [Max:Right Hand (CW); Cover End Pressure [Max:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Major Diameter [Max:2 1/2; Manufacturer Part No.:Flange; Integral Valve Configuration:3/16 in; Weight:Standard Pilot; Rotation:0.875 in; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
Rexroth Spare Parts A4vg250, A4vtg Series Inner Charge Pump Gear Pump	Shaft Dia.:45.0 LB; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):Flange Mount; Port Size:Right Hand (CW); Cover End Pressure [Max:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Integral Valve Configuration:2 1/2; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):Flange; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:3/16 in; Shaft Seal Type:Standard Pilot; Shaft Key:0.875 in; Seal Material:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
A4vg28/A4vg40/A4vg56/A4vg71/A4vg90/A4vg125/A4vg180/A4vg250 Hydraulic Piston Pump Repair Kit	Spline Description:45.0 LB; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:Flange Mount; Seal Material:Right Hand (CW); Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Mounting:2 1/2; Relief Valve Setting:Flange; Rotation:3/16 in; Controlled Flow Rate:Standard Pilot; Cover End RPM [Max:0.875 in; Shaft Dia.:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
Rexroth A4vg250 Gear Pump in Series for Concrete Machinery Pump Parts	Seal Material:45.0 LB; Shaft Key:Flange Mount; Port Orientation - Cover End:Right Hand (CW); Shaft Seal Type:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Major Diameter [Max:2 1/2; Minor Diameter:Flange; Pump Series:3/16 in; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Standard Pilot; Pilot Type:0.875 in; Port Type:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
A4vg250 Rexroth Hydraulic Pump Repair Kits	Port Type:45.0 LB; Shaft Dia.:Flange Mount; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:Right Hand (CW); Minor Diameter:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2 1/2; Cover End Pressure [Max:Flange; Major Diameter [Min:3/16 in; Weight:Standard Pilot; Integral Valve Configuration:0.875 in; Shaft End RPM [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
A4vg180 A4vg250 Hydraulic Charge Pump	Pilot Type:45.0 LB; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:Flange Mount; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:Right Hand (CW); Port Orientation - Shaft End:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Shaft Key:2 1/2; Shaft Dia.:Flange; Port Type:3/16 in; Manufacturer Part No.:Standard Pilot; Major Diameter [Max:0.875 in; Rotation:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
Rexroth A4VG250 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with a Six-Month Warranty	Shaft Type:45.0 LB; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Flange Mount; Seal Material:Right Hand (CW); Shaft End Flow @ RPM:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Shaft Dia.:2 1/2; Max. RPM [Max:Flange; Port Orientation - Cover End:3/16 in; Major Diameter [Max:Standard Pilot; Model No.:0.875 in; Cover End RPM [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
Customized Rexroth A4vg250 Hydraulic Piston Pump Repair Kit Spare Parts	Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:45.0 LB; Port Type:Flange Mount; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Right Hand (CW); Model No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Integral Valve Configuration:2 1/2; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Flange; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:3/16 in; Pump Series:Standard Pilot; Port Orientation - Shaft End:0.875 in; Mounting Flange:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;
Rexroth A4vg125 A4vg250 Hydraulic Pump Spare Parts for Engine Alternator Cylinder Block, Piston, Valve Plate, Retainer Plate, Shaft, Swash Plate	Rotation:45.0 LB; Controlled Flow Rate:Flange Mount; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Right Hand (CW); Mounting Flange:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Pilot Type:2 1/2; Shaft Key:Flange; Port Orientation - Shaft End:3/16 in; Integral Valve Configuration:Standard Pilot; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):0.875 in; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520VQ; Shaft Length:1.9375 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2700; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:8 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 12 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520VQ17A8-1BA20; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:12; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet 90° CCW from Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1.67; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.37;

Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 Video

Contact Us

China Rexroth a11vo Hydraulic Pump Supplier: Address305 Courtneypark Drive West, Mississauga,Ontario, L5W 1Y4, Canada; Phone(Working Time)1-220-946-2173

Send Now

Replacement Charge Pump for A4vg28, A4vg40, A4vg56, A4vg71, A4vg90, A4vg125, A4vg140, A4vg180, A4vg250, A10vg63, A4vtg90 Technical Articles

How much horsepower do you need to run a hydraulic pump?

Hydraulic Oil Pumps - Required HorsepowerPowers required for hydraulic pumping. By continuing to browse you are agreeing to our use of cookies! Learn more. Got it! Horsepower required by a hydraulic pump can be calculated as Hydraulic pumps - flow vs....

What are the reasons causing pressure drop in hydraulic systems?

(PDF) Determination of Pressure Losses in Hydraulic PipelineDetermination of Pressure Losses in Hydraulic Pipeline Systems by Considering Temperature and Pressure. April 2009 Various factors determine the nature of flow. In. principle, the accurate,...